St. Patrick's Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

St. Patrick's Day - Essay Example The first concerning the origins of the â€Å"potato famine† and, the second, the actions of scholarly textbook publishers that have no ethical issues with neglecting large chunks of relevant and important history. The Irish â€Å"Potato Famine† is usually described in textbooks and History classes as a terrible disaster, like an earthquake or a plague; something completely outside of human control. However, that is entirely not the case. The famine had far more to do with the harsh and negligent treatment of English landlords upon Irish farmers. The occurrence was not great â€Å"blight† or â€Å"an act of a God;† it was a physical act of human beings that caused the starvation among the poorer class at the time, which was sadly, the Irish (Bigelow 1). This is new information that is interesting to discover. The second issue, the fact that history books are printing edited or omitted historical events and it is so very common. If textbooks cannot be trusted to teach true and accurate history on any given subject, then how can we trust that information at all? What other topics and subjects might they be presenting a revisionist interpretation of? Ultimately, this discover y and its commonality are rather shocking. In the end, history is history; what happened, happened. There are both shameful and inspiring events in any country or cultures history. However the only way for people, as individuals and societies, can learn from their mistakes and move into a more enlightened future is to have access to our true history, our actions, for better or worse. By presenting a limited or vague interpretation of historical events, specifically such a significant and often misunderstood event, it diminishes the plight of these people and prevents us from looking at our history as a complete whole. The Irish have a rich history both in Europe and here in the United States and it is sad to know that large chunks

Chipotle Franchise Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chipotle Franchise - Research Paper Example These factors include the direct and indirect competitors, suppliers and the customers. Since its foundation in 1993, Mexican Chipotle Grill has focused on providing restaurant services centered on a marketing position writ in a unique emphasis on natural ingredients. The chain of restaurants specializes in Mexican delicacies, which have gained popularity in the United States over the recent years. Currently, Chipotle has more than one thousand restaurant sites all over the United States. With the introduction of competing products in American restaurants such as smoked foods, Chipotle needed to implement a new marketing position. The new marketing position is be focused on value analysis in order to improve the restaurants returns and earn more customers through its products pricing. The restaurant uses the four utilities of the product: functional, time, place and possession. The product is mainly sold in the United States by Chipotle’s restaurant chains. Over the past decade, Mexican spices, rice and beans are some of the most consumed foods in the country. Through in-depth analysis of the factors of location and strategic selling position, the restaurant identified favorable market sites outside the US creating business for the products. Internationally, the franchise sells its products in Canada and England. As at 2011, the organization commanded an income in the tune of over two hundred Million dollars. This change in fortunes can be attributed to the re staurant’s marketing strategy in the past three years or so. The main positioning step that earned the franchise a major benefit is the conversion of two hundred of Chipotle restaurants into company ownership rather than corporate ownership. This enables the franchise to convert its revenue into direct investments. Chipotle prices its products based on a framework of value chain writ in a transition that benefits both the customer and the organization. The restaurant is renowned

Sanctions in Criminal and Civil Law Essay Example for Free

Sanctions in Criminal and Civil Law Essay Answer to Question 1 Sanctioning or Punishment is the act of imposing an unpleasant condition upon a subject in order to stop an undesirable behavior that he has displayed. The main rationale is that if people are harmed for their wrongful conduct, such wrongful conduct will no longer continue in the future.[1]   In law, there are two general types of sanctions – civil and criminal.   A civil penalty or sanction is one that is imposed upon a person who commits a wrong. Its purpose is to compensate the state or the injured person rather than to punish the act committed. (wikipedia, civil penalty). In simple terms, it would be to correct a wrong committed through the payment of damages or compensation.   Penalties can also be agreed upon as in the case of contracts. The parties to a contract can agree that each will pay a certain amount as damages in case a breach occurs. Although this is not a state-sanctioned penalty, this is allowed under the people’s general freedom to contract.   A criminal penalty is one that is imposed to punish a person for his wrongful conduct.   Forms of penalties Fines Persons are punished by making them pay money to the state. Confiscation The objects of the crime are confiscated in favor of the state or the offended party. For example, stolen goods are taken from the offender and returned to the original owner. Demotion In the military and in government offices, persons found to be guilty of offenses against the law may be demoted in rank or even dismissed from service. Loss of civil rights A person convicted of a crime may be stripped of certain rights like the right to vote or the right to run for office. Forced labor / Community service Persons convicted may, instead of serving time in prison, render community service without compensation. In some places, convicted persons are sent to labor camps to perform manual labor for the state. Imprisonment Persons convicted may be separated from society and sent to prison for a period of time. After serving time, he will be released and will then be allowed to rejoin society. Rehabilitation Persons convicted for certain crimes like drug abuse will be sent to specialized institutions for rehabilitation. Banishment In some countries, persons convicted of crimes may be banished or sent away from their localities. Retraining orders   Those convicted of violent crimes can be prohibited from further approaching their victims through a restraining order. Public humiliation For some crimes or undesirable behavior, persons may be punished by making their acts known to the public through publication or announcement. Corporal punishment In some countries, persons may be punished by flogging or whipping. The number of lashes will depend upon the severity of the offense. Capital punishment In many countries, people may be hanged, short, electrocuted or submitted for lethal injection for the most serious crimes.   Specific Reasons for Punishment [2] Deterrence Deterrence means dissuading someone from committing the same acts in the future. It is about sending a message to society that the cost of doing such an act outweighs the benefits and, therefore, it would not be worth doing. By punishing one who violates the law, other will become fearful of committing the same violation. Incapacitation By imprisoning offenders of the law, society is protected from them. For as long as they are placed in confined space and monitored closely, then the community will be safer. This is concerned with keeping violators of the law in control by separating them from the law-abiding members of society. Rehabilitation Some punishments are designed to change or rehabilitate the wrongdoer by making him understand that his behavior was wrong and that he must not commit the same offense again. It is about changing a person’s attitude and making it very clear to him that his actions were harmful to himself and to society and that they must never be repeated. This idea is based on the belief if any real change is to happen, violators of the law must be taught to take responsibility for their own actions and they must be given the chance to undo their mistakes and reform their ways. Restoration For minor offenses, the wrongdoer might be given a chance to â€Å"right the wrong† that he committed. For instance, if a person commits vandalism by spray-painting a wall, he might be punished by forcing him to clean up or repaint the wall. The purpose of this is to offset bad behavior with a corrective act. Retribution Some people continue to believe that the harm inflicted on the wrongdoer is a good in itself even if no person benefits from it in reality. This philosophy emerged from the very old belief of â€Å"an eye for an eye† – meaning that any person who commits a wrong must suffer the same wrong. This philosophy has long been abandoned by the greater part of civilized society. Protection of Values Punishment can be seen as an act of honoring the values of society. By punishing a murder, the state shows that it honors the value of human life. By punishing burglars, we protect the value of property. Current trends Today, experts in criminal justice and corrections are moving towards the idea of reformative or restorative justice[3]. It seeks to use peaceful approaches to rid communities of criminal activity. This theory does away with retribution and revenge. It emphasizes that such violence will only cause society to deteriorate. Communities must participate in the reformation of socially deviant persons by giving them opportunities at a better life. This approach focuses on reconciliation between the victims and the offender. It gives the offender a chance to turn a new leaf and correct the wrongs he has committed. Punishment includes the expression of remorse and restitution for the harm done.   Instead of allowing persons to languish in prison unproductively, theorists argue that those convicted of crimes must be given a chance to look forward to their reintegration into society. Without this hope for reintegration, they will have no incentive to reform their behavior or correct their mistakes. They must be treated with dignity and they must be allowed to work hard to regain society’s faith and trust in them.   There is no single form of restorative justice. Some legal systems give the offenders and the victims opportunities for reconciliation and restitution. Some systems allow offenders to render community service so that they can learn to be more responsible and productive rather than just serving idle time in prison. Some systems use professional counseling as a way to educate offenders and allow them a chance to express their own thoughts and feelings about their actions.   Although many restorative justice initiatives have been found to be very successful with adult offenders, most of the efforts today are focused mainly on juveniles in conflict with the law. Conclusion Different cultures and legal systems in the world continue to debate on the purpose of punishment. There is one thing, however, that is universally agreed upon: punishment is necessary for an orderly society.   For any legal system to work, people must be informed of what is right and what is wrong. Punishment makes these lessons clear because it gives teeth to any law that prohibits a certain action. Without punishment, people will do whatever they want with impunity and without any restraint. There is great interest in defining what the acceptable norms and behaviors are in society and these standards can not be preserved unless some form of punishment is imposed upon those who wish to oppose these standards. Social control is always necessary in any civilized society. People have to be kept in line by exercising their rights in the proper way without harming the rights of others. Without penalties, the laws can never be enforced. They will remain as empty statements of ideals without any real coercive value to back them up. If any society is to flourish, undesirable behavior must be punished and good behavior must be rewarded.   The important thing to keep in mind is that any punishment must always be proportional to the wrongful act it seeks to correct. If it is too light, then there is great risk that the behavior might continue. If it is too harsh, then there is blatant injustice and instead of setting a man right, it might destroy his spirit completely and instead of mending his ways and reintegrating into society, he runs the risk of deviating even further from acceptable social behavior.   It is also important that substantial and procedural due process is strictly complied with. A person must be proven and declared to be deserving of a sanction before it is meted out upon him. The person to be sanctioned must be heard and allowed to defend himself in court with all legal means in his disposal. Sanctions and punishments must always be an incident of justice and never against it. People need to know that they will be punished for wrongdoing but they must also be given the guarantee that any person who is accused of wrongdoing will be treated fairly. Just as society becomes more orderly with a fair and impartial justice system, only chaos will result from an arbitrary and oppressive one.   Answer to Question 2 Under The Employment Equality (Sex Discrimination) Regulations 2005[4], provides that that a person subjects a woman to harassment, including sexual harassment, if: â€Å"(a) on the ground of her sex, he engages in unwanted conduct that has the purpose or effect – (i) of violating her dignity, or (ii) of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for her, (b) he engages in any form of unwanted verbal, non-verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that has the purpose or effect— (i) of violating her dignity, or (ii) of creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for her, or (c) on the ground of her rejection of or submission to unwanted conduct of a kind mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b), he treats her less favourably than he would treat her had she not rejected, or submitted to, the conduct.† It is clear that the offensive remarks and the acts of placing offensive pictures on Nicola’s desk by her male colleagues constitute sexual harassment. Although the act of asking her out to dinner is not, in itself, an act of sexual harassment, when coupled with all these other acts, it may be considered part of the whole group of offensive acts committed against her. Considering that Nicola has already approached her employer who is obliged by law to act on her complaint, it is her right to take the matter to the appropriate government agency. I advise Nicola to make notes on when these instances occurred, who were involved and what happened exactly. She must get her facts straight. She must also get a written copy of the results from the investigation. As to the acts antecedent to the investigation, Nicola must keep copies of the inappropriate emails and organize them according to their date. It would be most wise for her to seek help from her union with regard to advise and representation[5]. With the information in hand, she may now take her complaint to an employment tribunal. It must be noted that Nicola must file her complaint with the tribunal within three months from the time her employer concluded his investigation or from the last instance of harassment[6]. If she is later unsatisfied with the decision of the tribunal, then she can choose to appeal to an employment appeal tribunal. The present law against sexual discrimination will only be effective if the victims themselves assert their own rights. First, they must not be afraid to approach their harassers and tell them that the acts committed are unacceptable. The must not take these acts â€Å"sitting down† but rather, they must send a clear message that this kind of behavior will not be tolerated. Second, the victims must keep in mind that it is the legal duty of their employers to act on any sexual harassment complaints. The victims must approach the employers first and make a complaint to them. If it becomes clear that the employer is unwilling or unable to act upon the matter, then the victim must bring the complaint to the employment tribunal within the appropriate period. Third, sexual harassment is a serious concern of employment or labor unions. Victims must be able to approach their unions for assistance. Unions must be able to protect their members especially from serious offenses like sexual harassment. [1] Punishment, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment (last accessed July 30, 2006). [2] Specific reasons for punishment, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment (last accessed July 30, 2006). [3] Restorative Justice, at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorative_justice (last accessed July 30, 2006). [4] Statutory Instrument 2005 No. 2467, The Employment Equality (Sex Discrimination) Regulations 2005. [5] Sexual harassment: new law in force in UK, at http://www.out-law.com/page-6187 (last accessed July 30, 2006). [6] Sexual harassment, at http://www.bbc.co.uk/crime/law/sexualharassment.shtml (last accessed July 30, 2006).

Normal and Abnormal Psychology Essay Example for Free

Normal and Abnormal Psychology Essay Psychology is a science that studies the human mind and behavior, to understand and explain thoughts, emotions, and behavior of individuals. Psychology can be applied in different ways, such as mental health treatment, performance improvement or enhancement, self-help and other areas impacting the health and daily life of individuals. Psychology is generally a broad field of science, and there are multiple subfields or areas within it. Two subfields in particular that are going to be discussed in this paper are normal and abnormal psychology. An individual is categorized within these two subfields according to whether their social behavior and way of thinking is common or totally out of the norm. Normal Psychology studies the common or average human behavior of individuals. This particular area focuses mainly on understanding the way the individual thinks and reasons throughout their everyday life. This area does not involve any disorders or psychological illnesses, but instead it researches the human mind in trying to better understand the individual’s thought process and behavior. An individual who would be categorized under normal psychology would not display any mental illnesses, disorders, psychological problems or un-normal behavior. Abnormal Psychology studies abnormal human behavior as well as psychopathology of the individual. Abnormal refers to something that is not normal or out of the norm. This particular area of psychology focuses more on research and treatment for the abnormal behavior displayed by the individual. This area of psychology covers a wide variety of disorders such as depression, sexual deviation, obsession-compulsion, anxiety, mood, developmental, etc. A good way to tell if there is a case of abnormal psychology is anytime the behavior of an individual is causing problems in their life or is disruptive to them or other people. There are a number of perspectives used to treat abnormal psychology. Three main perspectives are: behavioral, medical, and cognitive. The behavioral perspective focuses on the observable behaviors. The medical perspective focuses on biological causes on the mental illness. The cognitive perspective focuses on how their internal thoughts and reasoning contribute to the psychological disorders.

The Evolution Of The Atomic Theory :: essays research papers

The Evolution of the Atomic Theory The five atomic theorys of the past two centuries represent the sudden advancement of science in modern times. Begining with a basic theory on the behavior of atoms to the current model, some changes have been made, and some ideas are still the same. Ancient Greek philosophers belived that everything was made up of invisible particles called atmos. Since then the theory of atoms did not progress untill 1803. John Dalton was the first scientist to compose a theory of matter based on atoms. Dalton's atomic theory is based on four concepts. He stated: "1. All elements are composed of atoms, which are indivisable and indestructable particles. 2. All atoms of the same element are exactly alike; in particular, they have the same mass. 3. Atoms of different elements are different; in particular, they have different masses. 4. Compounds are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements." 1 All of Dalton's ideas account for the laws of definate and multiple proportions and the law of conservation of mass. Some of Dalton's points are still thought to be true, but over time this origional theory has been modifyed. The first of these modifications came in 1897 when J.J. Thomson discovered the electron. Based on the work of William Crookes and his "Crookes tube" (Cathode-ray tube), Thomson discovered a negative charged particle was the cause of the light produced by the cathode-ray tube. He also discovered that these particles are present in all elements. These cathode-ray particles are now known as electrons. Soon after the discovery of electrons the proton was discovered. This led Thomson to conclude that ther were an equal number of both particles present in the atom. Twelve years later Lord Ernest Rutherford was experimenting with alpha particles. He shot a stream of them at a peice of gold foil surrounded by zinc-sulfide. When an alpha particle strikes ZnS it produces a flash of light. The particles mostly stayed in a constant stream through the foil, but a few were deflected. This led Rutherford to belive that there must be a small, dense cluster of protons in the middle of the atoms to deflect the small number of particles. Neils Bohr was the next physicist to advance the atomic theory. He explained what Rutherford could not about how the electron could stay in orbit around the nucleus. When the electron has little energy it is closer to the nucleus, when it absorbs more energy it travels farther from the nucleus. There is a definate number of electrons that can be in the same orbit. When the orbits closest to the nucleus are filled the atom is at a ground state.

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Adams E,et al., (2003). Food insecurity is associated with increased risk of obesity in California women. Journal of Nutrition. Arimond, M. and Ruel, M.T., (2004). Dietary diversity is associated with child nutritional status: Evidence from 11 demographic and health surveys. Washington. International Food Policy Research Institute. Cook J., (2002). Clinical implications of household food security: definitions, monitoring, andpolicy. Nutritional Clinic Care. 2002. Brown, L, R., (2004). World food security deteriorating: Food crunch in 2005 now likely. Earth Policy Institute, Washington, DC, USA. Deb, K., Nageswara Rao, Y. Mohan Rao and Slater R., (2002). Diversification and Livelihood Options: A Study of Two Villages in Andhra Pradesh, India. Debebe Habtewold, (1995). Food Security: A Brief Review of Concepts and Indicators. Food Security, Nutrition and Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia: Problems and Prospects. Proceedings of the Inaugural and First Annual Conference of the Agricultural Economics Society of Ethiopia, DFID, (1999). Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London. UK: Department for International Development (DFID). Ellis, F., (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press. FAO, (1996). Rome Declaration on World Food Security and World Food Summit Plan of Action. World Food Summit 13-17 November 1996, Rome. FAO, (2003). Food Security in Complex Emergencies: building policy frameworks to address longer-term programming challenges. Tivoli, 23-25 September 2003 FAO, (2008). The state of food insecurity in the world 2008. Rome 2008 FAO, (2009). Global agriculture towards 2050. Rome 12-13 October 2009 FAO, (2010). The State of Food Insecurity in the world: Addressin... ...isconsin, Madison. Wiesmann, Doris, Bassett L, Benson T. and Hoddinott J. (2009), Validation of the World Food Program’s Food Consumption Score and Alternative Indicators of Household Food Security, International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion. Paper 870, Washington DC. Wooldridge, J. M., (2002). Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press World Bank, (1986).Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries. A World Bank Policy Study. Washington, D.C. World Bank, (2006)a. Poverty and Hunger: Issues and Options for Food Security in Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington, DC. Young H, Jaspars S, Brown R, Frize J, and Khogali H., (2001). Food security assessments inemergencies: Livelihood approaches. Humanitarian. Network Project (HPN), Overseas Development Institute, London.

Comparing Machiavellis The Prince and Platos The Republic Essay

Comparing Machiavelli's The Prince and Plato's The Republic  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people in history have written about ideal rulers and states and how to maintain them.   Perhaps the most talked about and compared are Machiavelli's, The Prince and Plato's, The Republic.   Machiavelli lived at a time when Italy was suffering from its political destruction.   The Prince, was written to describe the ways by which a leader may gain and maintain power. In Plato?s The Republic, he unravels the definition of justice.   Plato believed that a ruler could not be wholly just unless one was in a society that was also just. His state and ruler was made up to better understand the meaning of justice.   It was not intended to be practiced like that of Machiavelli's. Machiavelli, acknowledging this, explains that it is his intention to write something that is true and real and useful to whoever might read it and not something imaginary,"?for many have pictured republics and principalities which in fact have never been known or seen?(Machiavelli 375)."à ‚   Therefore, because one ruler is realistic and the other imaginary, the characteristics of Machiavelli's ruler versus Plato's ruler are distinctly different.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Machiavelli?s model for his ideal prince was Cesare Borgia, also known as Duke Valentino and son of Pope Alexander VI.   He believed Cesare Borgia possessed all the qualities of a prince destined to rule and maintain power in his state. He believed that politics has a morality of its own.   There is no regard of justness or unjustness, of cruelty or   mercy, of   approval   or   humiliation, which  Ã‚   should  Ã‚   interfere  Ã‚   with   the   decision   of defending the state and preserving its freedom.   Therefore, the ruler/prince's single responsibilit... ...ddle with each other (Plato 99).? In The Prince, Machiavelli was addressing a monarchical ruler and offering advice designed to keep that ruler in power.   He felt that Cesare Borgia was model for the perfect prince. He was able to give actual examples of how princes during his time ruled and how they failed or succeeded in doing so.   Plato, in contrast was perhaps unrealistic. His ruler and state could only be used to   better understand the meaning of justice. It could never be practiced in real life because he neglects the fact that everyone sins and fails to mention this in his ideal ruler and state.  Ã‚      Works Cited 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marra, James L., Zelnick, Stephen C., and Mattson, Mark T.  Ã‚   IH 51 Source Book: Plato,   The Republic, pp. 77-106 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nicole Machiavelli,   The Prince, pp. 359-386.   Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa, 1998.   

Integration Paper

ON-THE-JOB TRANING at JR AND R DISTRIBUTORS, INC. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Submitted by: Dilag, Mary Grace S. Submitted to: Juville C. Ranises November 12, 2012 I. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Table of Contents Brief History/ Background of the Company/ Company Profile Summary of the OJT Experience Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program A. New Knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired B. Theories actually seen in practice C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution D. Benefits gained E. Problems Encountered Related reading: Theories Actually Seen in PracticeV. Appendices A. Company brochure and/ or pamphlet B. Copy of Endorsement Letter C. Copy of the Training Plan D. Copy of the signed Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record F. Quarterly Performance Appraisal Form G. Certificate of Completion 2 I. BRIEF HISTORY, BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY/COMPANY PROFILE ? History JR&R Distributors, Inc. was established in March 1993 and appointed as the Authorized Distributor of Procter & Gamble Philippines, Inc. for the CAMANAVA (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas & Valenzuela) area. It began its business with eight (8) delivery vans and a working capital of Php 10M a month.At the same time, it consisted of manpower of 20. Four months after, it was awarded the Novaliches and Quezon City Area. In April 2001, the area of Bulacan was given to JR&R. Since then, the company has continued to expand. Today, JR&R stands as one of the biggest Procter & Gamble distributors in the country. Its working capital has increased to Php 150M with a manpower complement of over 1,000 employees and operates with one hundred twenty-four (124) delivery vans and trucks. ? Work Values The company believes that good values provide a strong â€Å"backbone† to a growing company. The ompany supports values to guide all employees in maintaining high standards of ethical conduct and behavior. These values are: ? HONESTY – being truthful and â€Å"up front† with our co-workers, customers, communities and shareholders. ? INTEGRITY – saying what we mean and meaning what we say; delivering what we promise; standing for what is right. ? RESPECT – treating one another with fairness and dignity; appreciating the unique abilities and strengths of the individual and the advantages of diversity. ? TRUST – building team spirit and confidence by communicating openly and honestly and delivering our promises. RESPONSIBILITY – taking the initiative to speak up and report concerns regarding ethical conduct and to seek reliable guidance when in doubt. ? CITIZENSHIP AND PATRIOTISM – obeying the laws of the land and taking an active role in making the communities where we operate better. ? Teamwork at JR & R The Company values TEAM relationship among employees regardless of rank. The Company believes that employees work together in harmony to accomplish given responsibilities and that everyone strives to maintain and be a part of the organization in the attainment of INDUSTRIAL PEACE.As a member of the TEAM, every employee exerts his best efforts for the company to achieve active leadership in the industry, something that every employee would be proud of. 4 ? JR & R Distributors, Inc. Vision We are the undisputed leader in our area of responsibility in terms of market share and profitable volume growth. Our business processes and customer service are most preferred by our customers over that of internal and external competitors. We continue to lead in current best approaches and innovate on best practices for effectiveness and efficiency.We are the envy of our peers, competitors and customers in our manner and level of business results. We are an organization of world class employees. Our success lies in the ownership of our people on core processes and results. Our employees can handle multiple tasks and responsibilities. Our sustainable growth comes from our drive to continually improve and excel. Our people are highly motivated and well compensated for their business and personal contribution to the company. Financial leadership is our key strength. We excel in using financial data to plan, analyze and improve our business.We are the benchmark for cost efficiency in the industry. Our expertise in cost management allows us to reinvest long term and improve our employees’ standard of living and increase our leadership share in the market. Together, we are the No. 1 Distributor always in all ways. III. SUMMARY OF THE OJT EXPERIENCE Fin ally my 486 hours of OJT is finally done. For a month and a half I learned a lot of things. I had my OJT at JR & R Distributors Inc, at first it’s hard for me to wake up too early and ride all alone to office and specially riding a bus but as time goes by my body is now used to my daily routine.On our first day we had our orientation where we talked about the history of the company, the people behind its success, the policies, benefits, codes of conducts, etc. And then Ma’am Louise route us to the whole company for us to be familiar with the place, she introduced us to the whole group of Human Resource Department and as well as to the other department and companies that are under the JR and R Distributors Group of Companies. And also this is the first time that we met our buddy in the office the PHOTOCOPY MACHINE! Ma’am Regine is the one who taught us the do’s and don’ts of the machine.What I learned and experience during OJT is that talent alone i s not enough. It is important, but it is no guarantee of success. One must also be hard-working and should practice self-discipline. Sacrifice is important, too. I learned how to love my job and all the staffs. I learned to appreciate the work given to me. I was so dedicated that I do all my best to give correct service but sometimes there were errors. 6 For me on-the-job training gives us a taste of the real world–a glimpse of what lies ahead after we graduate.I’ve been too caught up with work as if I were actually a regular employee of the company and as if I were being compensated for my work. I guess it comes with the territory of being a/an practicum, OJT, intern. I would have preferred it to be this way though rather than doing nothing at all or being made as gophers. If there’s anything that I’ve learned to do, more than anything else, it’s enhancing my communication skills and enhancing my skills in the field of Information Technology. I ki nd of feel proud of myself. I started out with nothing and worried as hell that I wouldn’t be able to do the job.In sum, the whole OJT experience wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be. In fact, the 486 hours was a breeze except for those days when I had a hard time waking up, when traffic was really bad and when I was feeling lazy and out of it. Going to work and seeing some friendly faces helped a great deal. Having to do OJT with friends made it a whole lot easier for me. Furthermore, I’m very grateful that they expose me so much on what I must know regarding the work which suits my course. I’m very thankful that they treat me like them and they trust me with my work.I appreciate so much the working environment I had within the company because it helps me absorbed what I need to know. IV. ASSESSMENT OF THE OJT /PRACTICUM PROGRAM A. New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired We learned how to interact with different people and how to be more flexible and how to be more responsible when it comes to our duties specially in monitoring the system, we also learned how to used different software applications used by our company. B. Theories actually seen in practice A Marketing and Information Technology theory is always what we seen. C.Feedback that can be given to the company or institution Working in JR and R Distributors, Inc. Company is a great experience, working with my co workers is not that much pressure and they also provide a allowance for their OJT trainee. 8 D. Benefits gained Experience is gained through time. The longer I do something the more I learn. The faster I gain knowledge & become a productive employee. I become more familiar with interpersonal relationships, networking, responsibility and the importance of interdependence within the working environment and I provided with job experience, an invaluable asset for achieving gainful employment.E. Problems encountered Making mistake on my first day is so embarrassi ng and during On-the-job training is that you have to get along with the employees. You have to know them better. And in technical part we encountered down system. V. APPENDICES A. Company Brochure and/or pamphlet 10 B. Endorsement Letter C. Training Plan D. Waiver Form 12 D. Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record 14 16 F. Appraisal Form 18 G. Certificate of Completion

Filipino Slang Words Essay

Throughout the generation, one can already make a separate dictionary for the great number of Filipino slang terms created. However one term can definitely catch one’s attention, which is exactly what the term’s meaning is. Have you ever been in a situation where a person has been called epal? What exactly is being epal? Urban Dictionary defines it as ‘a person who goes into a situation wherein his presence is not needed or in a place he does not belong’. The term epal has been derived from the word ‘pumapapel’ or ‘mapapel’ which means someone who intervenes with affairs of others or impedes with the concerns of a group with no relation to him with the intention of trying to become the center of attention. It can be inferred that it is an example of salitang kalye or balbal in Filipino language and has an unclear etymology. Although unclear is its roots, epal is similar to other Filipino slang terms and it is certain that there is a catalyst for these words to be created. Hence, it is not only about using epal as either an insult or a label because it is also an element of language variation. Relevantly, slang terms are codes or â€Å"mechanisms† that reflect social awareness or circumstances happening around an individual (Newsome, n.d.) The term can be traced to the culture of the Philippines. Knowing that it is part of our language and culture, it is ought to be elaborated for it allows the discovery of the pattern of formation of words like it and what it has to do with our identity. This one word could even identify the image of Filipino society in the micro-level. The term epal is a proof of the diversity of the Filipino language because of its connotation in the past and present, impact to society and contrasting themes with other similar terms in the Philippines. On account of being a mainstream negative label for someone, the attribute of epal has extended to the usage in the social and political dimension. There are hundreds of situations one can recognize someone as epal. In the social scene, media might use epal as an interesting element in a show. One can imagine a girl with her quickly beating heart, and blushing cheeks that seem like roses blossoming and sparkling eyes hidden and focused on the ground to avert the eyes directed toward her. In an inconspicuous location after school hours, she called this boy full of determination but now it was as though her courage was being drained from her. Presently, she is standing before the man of her dreams and is ready to confess her overflowing emotion. Both are anxious of their presence and what is about to happen. Beginning to explain, she spoke to the boy in a soft-spoken yet determined voice. As soon as she was about to confess her pure and deep love, the whole atmosphere is ruined and the mood is after a teacher appeared. The romance between the princess and the prince is destroyed by the dragon and to what they thought was going to be their happy ending, it ended painfully before it even began. An epal is a person who intervenes with people or thwarts plans. In a political scene, again one can imagine a person walking down the street, and he sees posters everywhere of incompetent politicians declaring their vow to the progress of this country. It was the same vow they made during the previous campaign period where they won, and currently their promises are insubstantial. Completely infuriated by this, he goes home and tries to ease his mind so he turned the television on to watch his favourite show. Giggles and tears were expressed; the person was concentrated veritably on the show for the storyline was reaching its climax. Then, the epal struck once more; a campaign advertisement showed the same shameless politician, who pretended to help the adults and children by giving them goods and smiles at a populated squatter area. At such a premature period, he was already campaigning and promoting his kupal side. An epal is one who schemes and gets as much opportunity as possible to get attention. To distinguish further, an epal is characterized as: first, he is treated like an outcast when he is forcing his way in to a group he does not belong or he is not welcome in. Second, a person who assigns himself with more work so he seems the good guy in the group but actually he receives pity and the work he assigned for himself is given to others so he is left with none. He is a cunning extra character in a movie trying to create his own script in the film, so he can get the credit for the success of the movie and get more attention. Boosting the ego through vexatious ways, it is what an epal does. As is any other term, there must have been a cause as to why slang words are formed. Though epal has a vague etymology, it has motivators for it to be integrated in the Filipino vocabulary. First, according to Zorc (1993), Filipinos establish the idea of a slang terminology â€Å"by borrowing from other languages, by giving new meanings to pre-existing words by coining or creating original forms, or by using numbers as a kind of â€Å"in-group codes† (as cited in Derivation of Slang Words, para. 1) The explanation for the existence of epal can be identified as coinage, or invented words completely or almost varying from the words they had been based on. It has reshaped the term through the process of metathesis and reduction. Metathesis or agglutination is simply the rearrangement of sounds and syllables in a word to produce new terms that may or may not have the same meaning as the original word (Derivation of Slang Words, n.d.). During the 1970s, the process of agglutination become popular and it might be the reason why we have epal (Tan, 2009). Reduction is the truncation or removal of a letter or a group of letters in a word. Example of these are Erap from the word pare (brother or friend), as well as yosi and siga (a brute) from sigarilyo (cigarette). Second, the likely cause of the creation of epal, similar to other salitang kalye at balbal, is being relative to the situation the term epal was formed. The result is a product that suits its social environment. Epal’s locus and period of time of creation has influenced and contextualized the term. Areas of the masa, or the middle and lower class Filipinos and further popularized by the media is the likely origin of epal. It is proven that slang terms are more likely to flourish in the scene of the masa but it is not absolute in all cases for even in college or in other various settings, people create their own slang, jargon and register. As a result, epal is evidence that our language is diversified and made more unique, through its regular usage rather than using foreign language. Epal has observantly contributed to our media and politics. In social context, media has made it famous because celebrities, hosts, and showbiz gossip people use it; it has become a staple label for people regardless whether they deserve it or not. Another effect would be that media has used epal characters frequently in comedy programs and use them for humor in romantic shows or rom-coms in short. They are portrayed as people who are annoying and uncontrollably butts in conversations, break up friendship among people, or someone who likes to brag and present himself to other uninterested people. He is a typical fool or clown. In political context, DSWD has used the term and launched its program after this. The â€Å"Anti-epal† campaign is against the â€Å"epals† in our community. These are politicians and political groups that ‘use the Conditional Cash Transfer Program, also known as PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program, to threaten beneficiaries and take advantage of their roles in the forthcoming elections (Fernandez, 2013). The epals here have the same essence as the social context but has integrated it into their own conditions. Looking at these instances, epal is a slang term created by and for vendors, pedicab drivers or loiterers in the street. It can symbolize a cry for patriotism and change. These effects show that even a term like epal affects not only our language but also the people themselves. From the unique term epal, other terms have branched out from it such as kupal and kapalmuks. The variety of such creative words in Filipino slang vocabulary is too many to identify; its usage changing through periods of time and its trend fluctuating through succeeding generations. Epal, kupal and kapalmuks have been used interchangeably but in actuality they differ in: representation and degree. The word kupal originated from the language of Cebu. Similar as epal, kupal is also a master in the field of being an irksome pest but it specifically means an obnoxious person. Furthermore, it may be described as a person doing irresponsible actions and being ignorant of its consequences. The degree of the term kupal is greater than epal because it expresses a stronger feeling of frustration when one is called kupal. Hence, it can only be used as an insult. A person being kupal may not actually always be impudent, yet the person will always be considered repugnant. An instance could be whenever a person makes decisions without good discretion and this wrong judgement has caused grave results to him and others as well. First aspect of a kupal is that the person lies frequently and blatantly to get what he wants. The second aspect of a kupal is that the person recklessly does things and insensitively involves people with him. Ultimately, the primary difference between epal from kupal is the depth of both terms’ to denominate an individual’s acrimony to a person. Conversely, kapalmuks is pure shamelessness. It is the contraction of the Filipino phrase â€Å"kapal ng mukha† which exactly means being thick-faced or to be put simply have no sense of modesty in oneself. Both kapalmuk and epal are almost synonymous with each other. Both are vainglorious and egotistic, but epal tends to meddle with people’s businesses while a kapalmuk fixes himself in showing off for the praise. Kapalmuks is the state of shamelessness to the extreme degree, greater than an epal. An epal might self-promote through people, or social channels like giving himself most of the credit for a project that he had negligible collaboration with (Esguerra, 2011). Brazenly stepping into an affair and wanting to help very pretentiously, an epal gains popularity with his non-existent contributions and solutions. Randy David of Inquirer claimed this to be the â€Å"new narcissism† (De Veas Insigne, 2011) Contrariwise, a kapalmuk associate himself with people to seek attention rather he would spotlight himself. In a clearer manner, a kapalmuk is personified and can be seen here in the Philippines where walls of cities are turned into photo albums or scrapbooks by politicians. Everywhere, they put tarpaulins, posters, ads, infograph and other propaganda of politicians about themselves. The affected are just not facades, buildings or electric posts; license plate, permits, etc. are also marked by politicians’ faces. Although an epal can be intolerable, a kapalmuk can be disgraceful to himself and other people. Despite arguments claiming slang words in the language of Filipinos for instance epal, astig, damulag, bulalo, and jologs as detrimental to our culture for it makes our language a lowly, menial and ineffective medium in communication, slang terms are actually one characteristic of language which represents diversity at the same time solidarity. Coinages of Filipino terms prove that the language is ever evolving. It does not matter if it is barbaric or jargon but the important thing is that these words convey some aspect of truth in the world. The term epal then, represents the truth of having an exasperating character whether in real life or in a TV show. A person being epal is characterized as an outcast of in a group or a prideful extra in a movie. Similar as any slang word, it has its origin and during the trend of deriving slang in the 70s, epal took its form from the word ‘pumapapel’. Its effects to the Philippine community are that it is a recurring theme in the entertainment side and has been used to label people from the political arena. Epal may simply describe an attention seeking person but this is just a manifested purpose of the term. Its latent purpose might be to depict people in the country that are damaging this society. The significance of words in our language such as epal is not just to know a description for an enemy you have, it is much more complex than that. According to Gibbs (1994), Slang can be defined as â€Å"dynamic variety of language that is used to show solidarity and claimin-group membership† (as cited in Newsome, para. 2). It is in this light that we can deduce that when one culture creates slang it means that people are comfortable with the people they are mingling with and this strengthens the affiliation between a group either through race, language, belief, etc. Hence, it is right to say that bekimons, gay people in the Philippines, do not just cluster around their sexual orientation but also the language that they speak of. Lodge in his work â€Å"The Pragmatics of Slang† concisely explained it in his first of three features of language variation, that â€Å"a broad and increasing lexicon is essential in order to express the ‘nuances’ of human emotions and personal identity and experiences† We create these slang words because these words embody our troubles and our personality; the whole essence of us. Words mean nothing if these do not help define ideas and thoughts of the people. The word epal entails the idea of the generation when it was made and is being used. Thus, epal may, in the future, disappear in the following generations but the language of Filipinos will still be evolving. References: Arriola, B. So what’s epal (2012, September 03) Retrieved from Beltran, C. Beyond epal†¦it’s kapal (2012, September 12) Retrieved from http://www. De Guzman, L. In the know: ‘Epal’ (2011, November 04) Retrieved from De Veas Insigne, Y. (2011, November 17) Anti-epal bill is ok but how about the kapalmuks? Retrieved from http://www.yodisphere.com/2011/11/anti-epal-bill-is-ok-but-how-about.html DSWD to launch anti-epal campaign (2013, February 03) Retrieved from Epal : Pinoy Slang. (n.d.) Retrieved from Epal : Urban Dictionary (n.d) Retrieved from Esguerra, C. V. (2011, November 04) Sen. Santiago to shame vain politicians thru ‘anti-epal’ bill† Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from

Are Customer loyalty and online grocery shopping linked in anyway

How client trueness and on-line food market shopping in anyway are linked or affected by one another? The wide job country or publish that this pupil wanted to turn to was to happen a correlativity between client trueness from the early phases when food market shops where traveling to the online market topographic point, and how, if any manner they are linked. They will besides supply research into the country that is on-line food market shopping and client trueness, to set up a nexus between the two and to analyze the grounds as to why people choose to shop online instead than in shop.Keywordso Customer Loyalty o Grocery Shopping o Online Grocery Shopping o Attitude to shopping online o Links between client trueness and on-line food market shopping o Customer trueness strategies o Shoping Rewards strategies o Internet shopping o E-loyaltyLiterature SearchRE Anderson, SS Srinivasan – Psychology and Selling, ( 2003 ) Eaˆ?satisfaction and eaˆ?loyalty: A eventuality model. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ Cited by 331 ] SS Srinivasan, R Anderson, K Ponnavolu – Journal of Retailing, ( 2002 ) Customer trueness in e-commerce: an geographic expedition of its ancestors and effects. Elsevier Science Inc. [ Cited by 467 ] MA Morganosky, BJ Cude – International Journal of Retail & A ; aˆÂ ¦ , ( 2000 ) Consumer response to online food market shopping. MCB UP Ltd – [ Cited by 116 ] Lisa O'Malley – Selling Intelligence & A ; Planning ( 1998 ) â€Å" Can trueness strategies truly construct trueness? . MCB UP Ltd [ Cited by 91 ]Literature ReviewCompare your mentions to the 1s chosen by the pupil In comparing with the mentions that I found through my literature hunt, there is a wider spread between my beginnings and that of the subjects discussed by the writer of my chosen undertaking. The chief distinguishing country was the keywords that were used to execute my literature hunt. I personally believe that the spread between both our consequences, was that my mentions where really generic given information about that peculiar subject. Whereas the pupils mentions where highly narrow and really near to the issues being discussed, the bulk of the mentions were in line with their point of position. Are any the same? What is different? The mentions that I found where really different to that of the pupil, the bulk of my mentions were surveies into the cardinal subject countries for illustration ‘e-loyalty ‘ and ‘customer satisfaction ‘ . Unsurprisingly none of our mentions matched, the bulk of my consequences were for that specific subject as I saw tantrum. Look up some of their mentions†¦ How good are they? The mentions chosen by the pupil were really good chosen I believe as they were relevant to their research country. However in my sentiment the quality of the mentions could hold been better. Having found some of their diaries through Google ‘s Scholar, they were non extremely rated in this subject country. That leads me to oppugn some of the points raised in the study. The bulk of mentions I believe were chiefly in support of their position. This is what I would anticipate from this type of subject. However I believe it would hold been a much more compelling study if we were given an opposing position every bit good, hence doing their statements interesting. During the chapter where the pupil was explicating the history of the Internet, wholly there mentions in that paragraph were in support of the points being raised which is what would be expected when a subject is being explained. Can you judge the quality of their mentions? I personally believe that the quality of the mentions obtained by the pupil was of exceeding quality, they were relevant to the point that was being made. I personally followed up a few of their mentions and the three that I followed were of highly high credibleness. For illustration the diary Lewin, C ( Editor ) . ( 2004 ) . Research Methods in the Social Sciences. Harmonizing to Google Scholar, had been cited by other readers and authors 89 times, since it was published in 2005, this is a really good indicant that the beginning and writers positions are extremely respected on this field of subject besides lending to the credibleness of the beginnings used in this article.For Comments Please Refer To Original Post on VictoryCapable: WK 4 – Research Ethics Topic: Learning Journals Group 5 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 08 January 2011 13:13 How the research was carried out? ( E.g. study, questioning ) In my chosen undertaking, Primary research was used both in the signifier of a study to mensurate public sentiment of on-line food market shopping and besides of a personal rating of Tesco ‘s web based food market shopping site. This questionnaire was sent out to an estimated 300 respondent ‘s via an e-mail nexus who attend the University of Portsmouth Computing and Maths section. Some questionnaires were besides sent to friends and household members of the research workers – but the exact sum is non disclosed. Did it affect human topics? ( Did people get involved? ) Yes the study included human topics, the study contained a sum of 12 inquiries, in which respondents gave background inside informations foremost ( sex and age group ) in order for the research worker to construct up a profile of the respondent ‘s. They so proceeded to reply inquiries based on on-line food market shopping experience and wonts. This was a quantitative survey incorporating structured inquiries with a choice of pre-set replies. This type of research allowed for a standardized set of informations to be collected from the respondents which could be easy analysed to look for possible forms and tendencies in the replies given. Do you believe that all the ethical issues were covered? Were there any ethical quandary that you think were non adequately addressed? I believe that the pupil covered all the ethical countries in the study ; they besides completed an ethical scrutiny which was mentioned in the study but non included. I presume that the electronic mail provided the topic with adequate inside informations about the study and besides what their information would be used for. I am assured that no ethical boundaries where crossed in the executing of this survey. From the study no bush leagues where sampled in the study as their sentiments would non be relevant to the subject being investigated. In your sentiment, do you believe that failure to turn to any ethical issues reduced the credibleness of the consequences from this Undertaking? ( Gave readers an alibi to dismiss those findings? ) . I personally do non believe that credibleness of this undertaking was any affected by any ethical issues that may hold arose. The mode in which the pupil created the questionnaire for illustration, one time a respondent had entered their age the system would find whether they were of legal age to take part in the questionnaire before continuing. This was critical in guaranting that bush leagues did non by chance take part in the survey without parental consent. There was no ground from the undertaking study that would bespeak to readers to oppugn the findings. However there are issues that I believe should be raised about the dependability of the consequences obtained. To me personally the targeted group does non look to be the typical food market shopper. I think it would hold been a much more bewitching if the questionnaire was made available to supermarkets to let their clients to supply their sentiments as good giving a much wider range of participants and guaranting that the con sequences are justified.For Comments Please Refer To Original Post on VictoryCapable: WK 5 – Research Design Topic: Learning Journals Group 5 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 13 December 2010 12:27 The intent of this research is to look into why e-waste is a turning concern. Suggest ONE research attack ( methodological analysis ) , a research inquiry, a research method and a sampling scheme which would let you to research this inquiry successfully. To get down, I started by making a really general hunt as to what e-waste is and to familiarize myself with the job being investigated. I rapidly came across statistical grounds that this issue is much bigger than what I ab initio thought. Below is a speedy snipping of the issues that I came across. â€Å" Thirty million computing machines are thrown out every twelvemonth in the US entirely, and many are dumped in India and China. Some 70 % of the heavy metals in landfills come from electrical equipment waste. † Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3307815.stm From this initial hunt I was able to rapidly make up one's mind that a questionnaire would be the most suited method of transporting out the research. These questionnaires can be given to both consumers to derive an apprehension of their position points and how this issue affects them. The 2nd group that the questionnaire could be given to, would be those in industry, including a sample from fabrication, providers and besides retail merchants, this would supply a suited apprehension on how this issue affects all those concerned. Some illustration inquiries that could be posed in the questionnaire could include: 1. How do you dispose of defective points? a. Throw in general waste B. Shit at land fill c. Find suited recycling strategy d. Donate to charity 2. Would you be more likely to utilize recycling strategies if they were free or small cost to you? a. Yes B. No c. Maybe ( Please give ground ) These inquiries would be aimed at consumers, it would be ideal to hold different types of inquiries for those other sectors that are besides being investigated to truly understand the impact this issue is holding on the environment and besides a suited solution that could be implemented to cut down the impact. See your ain Study Project Report: In the undertaking that I ‘m reviewing, the research worker used a fixed Research Design. The research worker specified in advanced what methods were traveling to be used to roll up qualitative informations. These included a questionnaire to prove both facets of the primary research and besides a personal rating of the Tesco.com web site. Unfortunately in my chosen undertaking, there was no reference of any variables, but from my consideration I can place two dependent variables. The first 1 would be age this would be dependent on the respondent ‘s gender, from the consequences included in the study, it fair to state that the bulk of the respondents were males, which were dependent on the topic ‘s age, which was between 18 and 30. There was no sample inquiries attached to my chosen undertaking ; nevertheless from what was discussed and besides the consequences, I can construct a image of the type of inquiries asked in order to have those consequences. There does look to be usage of both nominal and numeral informations types to have the replies that was gained from the study. Capable: WK 6 – Research Design 2 Subject: Learning Journals Group 5 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 04 January 2011 02:24 How much consideration did the writer give to taking a Research Design at all? I believe that the writer of my chosen research did n't take that much clip in order to take their research design, as I presume that one time the aims were determined, it would hold been directly frontward to reason that a study would be the most efficient method of roll uping qualitative informations that can be easy analysed at a ulterior phase. However I do believe it was a good thought for the research worker to besides include a personal rating of an bing on-line food market shop which at the clip appeared to be making good. I presume that there must had been some thought nevertheless no grounds or treatment took topographic point in the concluding study, as to what countries to look into and what the primary end to be achieved from this private survey. Do you hold any grounds that the writer considered any pick of design? From what I have read in this undertaking there is no treatment from the writer, sing a suited research design. However in the Methodology portion, the research worker did discourse really briefly what methods were traveling to be used to bring forth concrete consequences, from which they could establish the study upon. Did the writer usage a Flexible Research Design and, if non, do you believe that there were possibilities for qualitative research that were missed? Give grounds for your reply. The research worker of my chosen undertaking used a flexible research design, this is apparent in the type of research used, they utilised both questionnaires and besides personal rating into research inquiry. However I do believe that an chance to capture qualitative informations was missed by the research worker, I believe that this would hold given the undertaking a much more compelling grounds to back up their concluding decision, for illustration the research shows that 72 % of respondents would see utilizing on-line supermarkets in the close hereafter – it would hold provided the reader with a much more in deepness analysis if we were provided the chance to happen out what the respondents sentiments on what might alter in the close hereafter for them to see utilizing on-line supermarkets. Remarks Forward Remarks 1 Writer: THOMAS ELLIOTT Date: 09 November 2010 21:51 I see you have undertaken an indepth literature hunt and compared it with your allocated undertaking successfully. I feel the key words you highlighted are of a high criterion and after sing some of the links you posted, they look really relevant to the capable country and besides really dependable and if I were composing an essay on â€Å" on-line shoping and client trueness † and I got the same hunt consequences, I would non waver to utilize the links you have highlighted. Out of interset what search engine did you utilize? CiteULike? Google Scholar? 2 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 10 November 2010 11:44 Thank you. I used both to be honest, picking the most relevant from both beginnings. But I believe Google Scholar was the most comprenshive with its broad catelog the biggest job was delving through them all to happen the ‘golden nugget ‘ 3 Writer: THEO POWELL Date: 17 November 2010 15:50 Seems like an interesting survey undertaking to cover, with a batch of information out at that place to cover. With this being said how hard did you happen it to happen the right type information, to assist back up your farther research and analysis on the undertaking? 4 Writer: THOMAS ELLIOTT Date: 29 November 2010 23:03 Yes, one agree with you, out of the two Google bookman is, in my sentiment, the most good but I do experience the consequences brought up in both sites are either be excessively specific to certain topics countries or on the other manus excessively wide and non concentrate down plenty, hence doing both sites reasonably boring and slippery to utilize when seeking for stuff when researching a specific subject country. 5 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 08 January 2011 12:16 Thank you for your remarks – @ Theo – It was quiet hard at first if I was to be honest. I had to maintain in head the research aim and what was to be achieved, from that point I considered any information that would be necessary to carry through this. @ Thomas – Yes that is an interesting point to raise, but I believe that if you combine both together you will have a much more relevant consequences that can be of usage. Capable: WK 7 – Data Collection Methods Topic: Learning Journals Group 5 Writer: DERICK AGYEPONG BOATENG Date: 04 January 2011 02:55 7.1 â€Å" Assorted Method is the usage of both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze phenomena. These two sets of methods can be used at the same time or at different phases of the same survey. † Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uwex.edu/ces/tobaccoeval/glossary.html The difference between Single Approach Design is that merely one research scheme is used, such as sampling, informations aggregation, or informations analysis where as in Mixed Approach Design utilizing a combination of two or more methods in sampling, informations aggregation or information analysis. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimethodology 7.2 Locate the subdivision in your chosen Study Project for the Part 1: Appraisal, where the writer has chosen to get down the information aggregation. For my chosen undertaking, the research worker used a assorted attack design, this is apparent in their research design, their primary research was a questionnaire, this was used for it efficiency in obtaining relevant and precise information from the respondents. And a secondary research was a personal rating of Tesco ‘s on-line food market shopping service. The rating examined characteristics of the web site and how this could play a portion in client trueness and keeping. I believe that this was an appropriate method for the research inquiry that was posed. It allowed relevant information to be extracted from participants and was less clip devouring than an interview. In my observation of this undertaking, I believe that the application of the study would hold been more relevant if it was to be given to those in the class that would purchase food market shopping, those in the age of 30 – 50, who presently shop at traditional food market shops to happen out their sentiment on how on-line food market shopping will impact them, and if they will demo trueness to a specific trade name. I believe this would hold besides supported the research worker ‘s bing study which was taken by chiefly male pupils at the University of Portsmouth. I would see the consequences obtained by the research worker as believable, because the right inquiries were asked to participants, from the typical age group that would be most likely to shop online. However with that being said, I still believe that this would hold been a much more compelling undertaking had the reader given both sides of the statement. From the research undertaking that I was reviewing, I believe the user chiefly utilised quantitative research method. I personally do n't believe utilizing merely a Quantative method produced the most concrete consequences, for the specified subject country, had the research worker utilized triangulation in their research as to utilize multiple signifiers of research in the research design it would hold allowed the consequences to be much more enlightening into the shopping wonts and trueness of participants. I think that the research worker took the necessary safeguards to guarantee that all facets of the study was ethical, they mentioned finishing an ethical studies, and assured readers that no bush leagues would be involved in the study, there is besides grounds that they planned the most effectual manner to transport out the research before supplying to participants to finish. There are presently no concerns that I would raise in respect to how ethical the research was, all expected undertakings and treatments that took topographic point instantly extinguished any uncertainties that were raised. I believe that the research scheme was appropriate for the purposes specified in the debut of the papers ; they were able to supply a house relationship between the usage of on-line food market shops and client trueness ; which showed a positive correlativity between high client satisfaction when utilizing an on-line food market shop and high client trueness. The usage of interviews would hold given this research topic a more in-depth apprehension to attitudes of those who complete food market shopping online and besides those who do n't and what their ideas are for the hereafter of on-line food market shopping.

The Carbone family Essay Example

The Carbone family Essay Example The Carbone family Essay The Carbone family Essay This is where Catherine tries to find her own independence. She tells Eddie that he should be happy for her, and that shell see him around the neighbour hood. Also that she cannot stay there any longer. Eddie repeats him self again. You aint goin nowheres. At the moment Eddie seems to be in control of himself and is forcing his will on Catherine. Catherine is in tears now and tries to tell Eddie that she can handle her self. Eddie, Im not gonna be a baby no more! You - (He reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, and as she strives to free herself her kisses her on the mouth. ) Rodolpho immediately does the manliest thing that hes ever done in the play and stops Eddie. Dont(He pulls on Eddies arm)Stop that! Have respect for her! Rodolpho stands up to Eddie to protect Catherine, he does this as he tells Eddie that Catherine will be his wife which is what he wants his wife. Eddie starts to provoke and tease Rodolpho, Eddie does this as he believes that Rodolpho can do nothing to harm him, he also thinks that now he has kissed Catherine she knows how a real man kisses and will stay. Rodolpho can no longer take the teasing that Eddie is doing. (With tears of rage) (Rodolpho flies at him in attack. Eddie pins his arms, laughing, and suddenly kisses him. ) This is extremely unexpected and it shocks the audience and repels them. Eddie laughs at Rodolpho who is horror and rigid on the floor. Catherine also stars in horror as Eddie laughs mockingly. Eddie some how believes that by kissing Rodolpho he has shown Rodolphos true sexuality, and that he enjoyed it. (To Catherine) You see? (To Rodolpho) I give you till tomorrow, kid. Get outa here. Alone. You hear me? Alone. Eddie has violently and aggressively forced Catherine and Rodolpho to kiss him. These kisses could be a sign of Eddie suppressed sexual feelings as he and Beatrice have not been intimate for a while. The language in A View From The Bridge is different and mixed, Eddie Beatrice and Catherine use short, simple sentences, colloquial and uneducated, fitting with the view of Red Hook being a poor, uneducated area. Alfieri, the lawyer, has an educated, almost upper class style of language, because he is a professional. Rodolpho has a witty and entertaining style and he can gain interest with this (interest which Eddie wishes he wouldnt get). Marco says little in the play, apart from Act II he becomes more involved. He is soft spoken and thinks before he says anything. He is more of a physical force that Eddie must not cross but will should he harm Rodolpho. The characters in A View From The Bridge were originally small parts, but they were enlarged later on. In the American Society of the 1950s women were portrayed as weak and were only around to cook, clean and have children. Catherine is nai ve as she is unaware of how inappropriate it is for her to walk around in her slip, or watch and talk to Eddie while he shaves in his underwear. This is something that couples and married couples do. Catherine starts to tears away from Eddie when she finds someone who will love and protect her. Beatrice, Eddies wife is very understanding. Her love for Eddie knows no boundaries, she still loves him after he reports her cousins, and even though she knows that something is not right with Eddie. Beatrice is jealous of Catherine and Eddies relationship and she openly addresses Eddies lack of intimacy with her. When am I gonna be a wife again, Eddie? Beatrice wants Eddies approval as they are married and she needs it more that their niece. She forgives him for the whole incident with Catherine, whereas most women would leave any man attempting something so twisted as incest in my opinion. Alfieri is one of the most important roles in the play. He is the bridge between the two societies of America and Italy. He stays true to his ethnic identity. He is a well educated man who studies and respects American life. Alfieri constantly informs the audience and provides a commentary on what is happening. Alfieri gives Eddie epic proportions when Eddie comes to see him about getting rid of Marco and Rodolpho without informing the Immigration Bureau. I looked in his eyes more than I listened in fact, I can hardly remember the conversation. But I will never forget how dark the room became when he looked at me; his eyes were like tunnels. This makes A View From The Bridge seem more like a Greek Tragedy. Alfieri makes Eddie sound like a legendary character. Alfieri is similar to Arthur Miller as he is the teller of a great story and cannot change anything. Life in the 1950s for men and women would have been strict. For example many men these days take jobs that are feminine such as hairdressing, in Eddies view that aint right. Society has changed and most women now work and there are not many housewives any more. Law allows women to work and they can do manly jobs such as joining the army and becoming an officer, join the police force etc. Many men are similar to Rodolpho nowadays as they cook, clean, dance, sing, and some design clothes. The society has changed a great deal since the 1950s. Through out the play we as the audience, learn a lot about the characters and the people involved in each scene. Eddie is a complicated man, who because of his lack of education finds it hard to express himself, he can only do this through aggression and hostility. Beatrice gains a little more power over Eddie as he dies in her arms, he goes back to her. In a way I think that Eddie considers Beatrice to be a kind of safety net, because he knows that shell always be there for him. Catherine who is young, innocent and vulnerable in the play is happily unaware of Eddies desires towards her. Catherine ends up standing up to Eddie and questioning his authority when he says that they cant go to her wedding and why Beatrice listens to him. (Clearing from Beatrice)What are you scared of? Hes a rat! He belongs in a sewer! From this form of aggression shown by Catherine, when Eddie dies she tells him Eddie, I never meant to do nothing bad to you. She never meant to hurt him, but she was angry because of what he did. Marco changes in Act II, he plays a bigger part and is in more of the action, whereas Rodolphos character sort of fades into the background. Marco becomes bitter and passionate at the same time. He seeking revenge, because Eddie grassed on him to the Bureau and his country as he says In my country he would be dead now. He would not live this long. These many acts of manliness and hostility from some of the characters towards the others leads to aggression, which at the end, escalates as we find out about the happenings and goings on towards the end. This behaviour which is used throughout the play leads to the destruction and death of a happy family. Eddie was not afraid to show or share his views on the two submarines, this finally led to his fate, of him losing his social identity and this own death. Miller has shown a wide variety of theatrical techniques throughout this play through the dialogue, imagery, vocabulary, stage directions. When I read these two scenes I had my own views and pictures in my mind of how it would be acted out and how the characters had formed and how they became and acted they ways that they do. These two scenes are very important as they link the themes together, and create tension, excitement and give you an idea of 1950s Brooklyn, well the slums anyway. I think that certain elements in the play, although they have not been elaborated on are the close-nit community that the Carbone family lives in. The three themes are all linked to this idea of what it means to be a man. When I first read this play, I found it in a way disturbing to contemplate something such as Eddies incestuous desires for his young niece. All the way through the play is riveting and keeps you interested.

Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI

The Great War began on August 3rd 1914, but was triggered on June 28th, when a member of the Serbian militant group called the "Black Hand," Gavrilo Princep, assassinated Austrian archduke Frances Ferdinand and his wife. The assassination was a result of the nationalism caused by the molding of the Yugoslavian provinces into Serbia. The Serbian government, which had a vested interest in the downfall of the Austrian Empire, was implicated as being involved in the plot and quickly became the reason for war. Though Germany declared war on France on August 3rd, it is important to remember that Russia was the first to mobilize, considered an act of war. This was quickly followed by France, and finally Germany. Though Germany was the most prepared for this war, they did not want to hurt their industry and did not want to fight a two front war. Austria, outraged with the assassination of the archduke, saw a chance to annex a critical portion of their new neighbor Serbia. The loosely held Empire was the last of its kind, and in danger of loosing its control. This was due to fierce nationalism in the Balkans, due to the occupation of Bosnia (Sarajevo). On July 13th, 1914, the Austrians made an ultimatum saying all Serbs must leave Albania. The Serbians were not willing to agree to a demand aimed at hurting their government, and immediately mobilized for war. On July 28th, three days after Yugoslavia refused to yield to their demands, the Austrians officially declared war. Austria’s only hesitation came in Yugoslavia’s defensive treaty with Russia, and for this Austria turned to Germany. Germany told Austria to begin the war, and if it evolved into a larger conflict they would support them. Clearly, Germany was not the instigator on this front. The following day, on July 29th, Russia began mobilization with the intent of protecting Yugoslavia from Austria. Tsar Nicholas II ruled the Russian Empire as an absolute monarch until ... Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI Free Essays on Germany And The Escalation Of WWI The Great War began on August 3rd 1914, but was triggered on June 28th, when a member of the Serbian militant group called the "Black Hand," Gavrilo Princep, assassinated Austrian archduke Frances Ferdinand and his wife. The assassination was a result of the nationalism caused by the molding of the Yugoslavian provinces into Serbia. The Serbian government, which had a vested interest in the downfall of the Austrian Empire, was implicated as being involved in the plot and quickly became the reason for war. Though Germany declared war on France on August 3rd, it is important to remember that Russia was the first to mobilize, considered an act of war. This was quickly followed by France, and finally Germany. Though Germany was the most prepared for this war, they did not want to hurt their industry and did not want to fight a two front war. Austria, outraged with the assassination of the archduke, saw a chance to annex a critical portion of their new neighbor Serbia. The loosely held Empire was the last of its kind, and in danger of loosing its control. This was due to fierce nationalism in the Balkans, due to the occupation of Bosnia (Sarajevo). On July 13th, 1914, the Austrians made an ultimatum saying all Serbs must leave Albania. The Serbians were not willing to agree to a demand aimed at hurting their government, and immediately mobilized for war. On July 28th, three days after Yugoslavia refused to yield to their demands, the Austrians officially declared war. Austria’s only hesitation came in Yugoslavia’s defensive treaty with Russia, and for this Austria turned to Germany. Germany told Austria to begin the war, and if it evolved into a larger conflict they would support them. Clearly, Germany was not the instigator on this front. The following day, on July 29th, Russia began mobilization with the intent of protecting Yugoslavia from Austria. Tsar Nicholas II ruled the Russian Empire as an absolute monarch until ...

To A Friend Whose Work Has Come To Triumph Essays - Greek Mythology

To A Friend Whose Work Has Come To Triumph Essays - Greek Mythology To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph In the poem "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Triumph", Anne Sexton alludes to the flight of Icarus and Daedalus and to "To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing" to convey a message to a friend. I think this poem was written to reassure a friend that what she did was the right thing. Perhaps a father figure of the friend advised her to do something and she defied him, making herself feel worried that she did the wrong thing. William Butler Yeats once wrote a poem titled "To a Friend Whose Work has Come to Nothing". It was a poem believed to be written to reassure a friend that what she ended up doing was a noble thing even though in reality she failed her original task. The title of Sexton's poem is an obvious allusion to Yeats' poem. Sexton changed "Nothing" to "Triumph" in her title. Sexton's friend must have been a fellow poet to be able to catch the allusion to Yeats' poem. I believe she wanted her friend to know that what she did was the right thing. Perhaps she compared her friend to Yeats' friend. Sexton wrote "Think of the difference it made!" referring to Icarus' flight. She might have wanted her friend to realize a difference her defying her father made. The final line of the poem has a comparably different tone than the first 13 lines. The last line, "See him acclaiming the sun and come plunging down while his sensible daddy goes straight into town.", seems more mocking of Daedalus' flight. It seems that Sexton feels that Daedalus' flight was a wasted chance and was in no way adventurous. She might also be comparing her friend to Icarus, seeing as he too failed his initial task but accomplished something greater on a global scale. I believe Sexton thought that Icarus' flight was not foolish or a failure, but adventurous and a great personal success, even though his satisfaction and personal glory was short-lived. She wrote "Admire his wings", "wondrously tunneling", and "Who cares that he fell back to the sea", therefore I think that she doesn't believe that the fact Icarus plunged to the sea is important. Many have used the process of allusion in the past to help convey a meaning of a poem. A popular example and choice of an allusion topic is the bible or past works of art and literature. Anne Sexton obviously chose allusion as her method of conveying her emotional message to her friend.

Free Essays on Life Insurance

Insurance may be described as a hedge against life ¡Ã‚ ¦s uncertainties. To that end, it can never be taken too seriously. Every year, the person insuring himself bets that he will not be living another year and the insurer is betting that he will. If the person lives, and loses the bet, he pays the insurer a small premium; if he dies, the insurer pays the lump sum  ¡Ã‚ ¥jackpot ¡Ã‚ ¦ to the person ¡Ã‚ ¦s nominee. While the person taking up the policy has only one life to bet on, his insurer is playing the same game with millions of other people like him. Since the insurer ¡Ã‚ ¦s risk is spread, he can offer huge odds. Moreover, the insurer invests the premium he receives each year, and has employees (called Actuaries or Actuarial Officers) who calculate the odds on each policy based on mortality rates, the mortality experience of the insurer, and the return on investment which the insurer is likely to get. These in essence, form the framework of determining the premia paid by policy holders, and the returns expected from the policies. It is the Life Advisors of each company who are responsible for creating the relation between the insurer and the policy holder. He meets with the prospective policy holder, and in conjunction with him, determines which policy would best suit his needs. Indeed, it is through the Life Advisors that every Life Insurance Company manages to maintain a personal relationship with its clients. Life Insurance in India The Insurance Sector in India is one in which the entry of private players has only recently been permitted. Previously, this was a sector which was totally regulated by the Government, and its Public Sector Companies. A look at the above chart depicting the market - share of the various players will tell us that the majority of the market is still in the reins of the Life Insurance Corporation of India. This is not surprising given the extended monopoly period... Free Essays on Life Insurance Free Essays on Life Insurance Insurance may be described as a hedge against life ¡Ã‚ ¦s uncertainties. To that end, it can never be taken too seriously. Every year, the person insuring himself bets that he will not be living another year and the insurer is betting that he will. If the person lives, and loses the bet, he pays the insurer a small premium; if he dies, the insurer pays the lump sum  ¡Ã‚ ¥jackpot ¡Ã‚ ¦ to the person ¡Ã‚ ¦s nominee. While the person taking up the policy has only one life to bet on, his insurer is playing the same game with millions of other people like him. Since the insurer ¡Ã‚ ¦s risk is spread, he can offer huge odds. Moreover, the insurer invests the premium he receives each year, and has employees (called Actuaries or Actuarial Officers) who calculate the odds on each policy based on mortality rates, the mortality experience of the insurer, and the return on investment which the insurer is likely to get. These in essence, form the framework of determining the premia paid by policy holders, and the returns expected from the policies. It is the Life Advisors of each company who are responsible for creating the relation between the insurer and the policy holder. He meets with the prospective policy holder, and in conjunction with him, determines which policy would best suit his needs. Indeed, it is through the Life Advisors that every Life Insurance Company manages to maintain a personal relationship with its clients. Life Insurance in India The Insurance Sector in India is one in which the entry of private players has only recently been permitted. Previously, this was a sector which was totally regulated by the Government, and its Public Sector Companies. A look at the above chart depicting the market - share of the various players will tell us that the majority of the market is still in the reins of the Life Insurance Corporation of India. This is not surprising given the extended monopoly period...

Free Essays on A Passion Induced By Humanity

â€Å"My passion is art. I draw all day long. It’s not my stress relief; it’s just my passion† (Karkabi). This said by an artist of generations, Peter Max. His work spans decades from the 1960’s to modern times. A very interesting individual, his life has been filled with greatness, wonder, and love. Through many days of travel and years of passionately working in his studio Peter has become an American icon. Of the thousands of requests Peter gets for posters, he is drawn to those that synchronize with his own concerns: environmental, human, and animal rights (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†) He started a series of works called the Better World series and created a painting called, â€Å"I Love the World,† depicting an angel embracing the planet. This painting was inspired by his backstage experience at the Live Aid concert in 1985 (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†). He painted it in 1997 with acrylic on serigraph. The painting evokes a mystical feeling that is well understood after learning of his life experiences. Peter’s expressionistic style has evolved over several years. This particular painting has a very engaging story behind it. In 1985 there was a Live Aid concert held to raise money for victims of the famine in Ethiopia (â€Å"Live†). It is often referred to as a magical moment in the history of music because of the love and humanity that was present between the performers and audience (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†). Peter’s story is this: â€Å"I was standing backstage with the musicians; I was the only artist. It was very heartfelt because they were doing a concert to help the people in Ethiopia. There we were in Philadelphia, thousands of kids rocking, 60,000 people in the audience†¦Then some producer had called all the musicians to the front stage to sing â€Å"We are the World† and I was left alone backstage, so I pulled out my [sketch] pad and I drew an angel hugging the world. That was my little expression... Free Essays on A Passion Induced By Humanity Free Essays on A Passion Induced By Humanity â€Å"My passion is art. I draw all day long. It’s not my stress relief; it’s just my passion† (Karkabi). This said by an artist of generations, Peter Max. His work spans decades from the 1960’s to modern times. A very interesting individual, his life has been filled with greatness, wonder, and love. Through many days of travel and years of passionately working in his studio Peter has become an American icon. Of the thousands of requests Peter gets for posters, he is drawn to those that synchronize with his own concerns: environmental, human, and animal rights (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†) He started a series of works called the Better World series and created a painting called, â€Å"I Love the World,† depicting an angel embracing the planet. This painting was inspired by his backstage experience at the Live Aid concert in 1985 (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†). He painted it in 1997 with acrylic on serigraph. The painting evokes a mystical feeling that is well understood after learning of his life experiences. Peter’s expressionistic style has evolved over several years. This particular painting has a very engaging story behind it. In 1985 there was a Live Aid concert held to raise money for victims of the famine in Ethiopia (â€Å"Live†). It is often referred to as a magical moment in the history of music because of the love and humanity that was present between the performers and audience (â€Å"Peter’s Biography†). Peter’s story is this: â€Å"I was standing backstage with the musicians; I was the only artist. It was very heartfelt because they were doing a concert to help the people in Ethiopia. There we were in Philadelphia, thousands of kids rocking, 60,000 people in the audience†¦Then some producer had called all the musicians to the front stage to sing â€Å"We are the World† and I was left alone backstage, so I pulled out my [sketch] pad and I drew an angel hugging the world. That was my little expression...

Whats Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need

What's Actually Tested on the ACT Reading section Skills You Need SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Just like the ACT has four different sections, the ACT Reading section has four different types of passages for you to read. This article breaksdown exactly what's on this section of the ACT so you can plan your best approach. First, let's consider how the ACT Reading section is formatted. Format of the ACT Reading The ACT Reading section asks 40 questions in 35 minutes. There are three single passages and one set of paired passages (usually either in the Prose Fiction or Humanities subject areas). Since there are four different categories of passage, this means 10 questions after each one. Each of these questions has four answer choices, A, B, C, and D. Since there are more questions than there are minutes, this leaves you with about 52 seconds per question. Actually, it will be considerably less since you'll be spending a portion of your time reading. This is a doable task, but you'll want to spend some time working on the best waysto manage your time. In terms of the entire test, the Reading section is the third section you do, right after you have a break. This can be really good timing, as the first two sections get you warmed up and then you have a quick break to refresh and refocus. Just like the order of sections, the Reading is consistent in what kinds of passages it presents toyou. Let's take a look at thesubject areas from which the passages are taken. Types of Passages The five passages on the Reading section always come from these four topic areas: humanities, social studies, natural sciences, and literary fiction. You're not expected to have any pre-existing knowledge about any of the passage topics. Everything you need to know to answer the questions will be there in the text. Since these topics can cover a largenumber of subtopics, this chart breaks it down a little more specifically, along with some examples of passage sources from sample ACT Reading questions that introduce passages and help you put them into context. As you can see with the Natural Sciences passage, the blurb might define any subject-specific words that you might need to know to understand the text. A typical social studies passage might be taken from a textbook, a natural sciences passage from an article, a literary narrative direct from a book, and a humanities passage from an essay or memoir. Passage Subject Subtopics Sample ACT Passage Introductions Social Studies anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology. This passage is adapted from the chapter â€Å"Personality Disorders† in Introduction to Psychology, edited by Rita L. Atkinson and Richard C. Atkinson (1981). Natural Sciences anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology. This passage is adapted from the article â€Å"How to Build a Baby’s Brain† by Sharon Begley (1997 by Newsweek, Inc.). In this selection, the term neuron refers to a specialized cell of the nervous system, and tomography refers to a method of producing three-dimensional images of internal structures. Literary short stories, excerpts from novels, memoirs, or personal essays This passage is adapted from the novel The Men of Brewster Place by Gloria Naylor (1998). Humanities architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. This passage is adapted from â€Å"A Poem of One’s Own,† an essay by Mary Jo Salter in which she discusses feminist literary critics’ recent reappraisal of women’s writing. The essay was taken from Audiences and Intentions: A Book of Arguments (1994). If you feel much more confident about reading about the natural sciences, for example, than about social studies, you might choose to locate that passage in your Reading section and do that one first. Some students skip around so they can answer questions about their favoritesubjects first. The questions are not ordered by difficulty, so it's fineto choose your own order, as long as you're not wasting valuable time trying to choose where to start. Now that you have a sense of what kind of passages you'll encounter, let's talk about the skills tested on the ACT Reading section. You'll need some different skills for the ACT Reading. Skills Tested on ACT Reading What skills do you need to bring to the table to understand and answer questions about these passages? According to the ACT, you must use referring and reasoning skills to accomplish the following: Understand main ideas Locate details within a passage and interpret them Interpret sequence of events and flow of ideas Make comparisons Understand cause-effect relationships Determine the meaning of words, phrases, and statements in context (these are usually straightforward, but may be used in an unusual or significant way in context) Draw generalizations Analyze the author's or narrator's tone and purpose These are all skills that you develop and improve upon in your English classes. You can further hone your skills by reading widely and often. The ACT asks 5 main types of questions in order to test these skills. I'll break down these 5 question types and give examples below so you know exactly what to expect and how you can prepare. Types of ACT Reading Questions The 5 main types of questions on the ACT Reading test these skills of understanding main ideas, locating details, and interpreting purpose and voice. Not only will you keep a close eye on what's directly stated, you'll also be called upon to interpret and analyze implied meanings. There's not huge leeway for interpretation, though - even seemingly subjective questions will only ever have one 100% unambiguously correct answer. Without further ado,the 5 types of questions on the ACT Reading: 1. Main Idea These questions ask you about the main point or theme of the passage. For example: The main point of this passage is to: A. illustrate the importance of genetics in the formation of a baby's brain.B. illustrate the importance of stimulation and experience in the formation of a baby's brain.C. indicate the great need for conducting further research on babies' brains.D. compare the latest research on babies' brains with similar research conducted fifteen years ago. 2. Detail These questions will often refer you to a specific line in the text and ask what it means. For example: The fourth paragraph (lines 31-37) establishes all of the following EXCEPT: A. that Abshu had foster brothersB. that the Masons maintained a clean house.C. how Mother Mason felt about the location of their house.D. what Abshu remembered most about his years with the Masons. 3. Vocabulary These questions will point you to a specific word or phrase and ask what it means or how it functions in context. These questions often point to a common word or phrase that might be being used in an unusual way. For example: As it is used in line 65, the termthe edge refers to a place where Abshu felt: A. most aliveB. unfulfilledC. defeatedD. most competitive 4. Function Development These questions ask you to describe the effect of a phrase, sentence, or paragraph in the context of an entire passage. Function questions tend to be about smaller amounts of text: For example: The narrator’s statement â€Å"I am looking at the MOON, I told myself, I am looking at the MOON† (lines 60–62) is most nearly meant to: F. reflect the excitement of the astronauts as they prepare to land.G. illustrate the narrator’s disappointment with the moon’s barren appearance.H. express the narrator’s irritation at having to wait for Apollo to land.J. convey the narrator’s awe at the event that is being broadcast. Development questions, on the other hand, will as you to think about larger ideas. How are ideas arranged within the passage? Does the passage introduce its thesis right away, or eventually build up to its main point? Does it offer countering opinions, or does each paragraph expand on the previous? For example: The last paragraph of Passage A (lines 37-49) marks a shift in the passage from: A. a description of events leading up to a sudden action by the narrator to a reflection on the intentions and meanings behind that action.B. an overview of a family dilemma to an explanation of how the narrator solved that dilemma.C. an example of the narrator's typical response to family events to an analysis of the narrator's personality.D. a chronology of a historical event to a summary of the narrator's circumstances at the time. 5. Implied Ideas These are inference questions. What does a line, paragraph, or the whole passage imply? For example: It can reasonably be inferred from the passage that which of the following is a cherished dream that Abshu expects to make a reality in his lifetime? A. Establishing himself financially so as to be able to bring his original family back under one roofB. Seeing the children at the community center shift their interest from sports to the dramatic artsC. Building on the success of the community center by opening other centers like it throughout the stateD. Expanding for some, if not all, of the children the vision they have of themselves and their futures These examples illustrate the question types, but if you want to see the passages they refer to and understand them in context, you can read them them here, as well as try theremaining questions. To equip yourself with the tools you need to tackle these questions, you should study up on the literary terms you've learned in your English classes. Don't just study their definitions, but actively apply them to texts that you read, as you'll have to do on the ACT Reading. There's a big difference between knowing that tone refers to the attitude a work takes towards its subjects or audience, whether it be formal, playful, or condescending,and actually determining the tone of a given text. Let's touch on some other approaches and strategies you need toknow to excelon the ACT Reading. Tips and Strategies for the ACT Reading By knowing how the test works, you're already taking an informed approach to the ACT Reading and eliminating the chance of unexpected surprises on test day. You also want to plan your approach for reading the passages and balancing your time between reading and answering questions. Is it better to read the passage or the questions first? Should you read thoroughly or skim? You can learn more about the best approaches for ensuring your reading comprehension while making good time here. Your mindset plays an important role in your reading comprehension, too. If you can try to make yourself really interested in the passages and intrigued by the random information you're about to learn, you'll actually be able to read faster and retain more. Read this article for more tips on the best way to practice ACT Reading. The ACT tests your ability to recall information quickly and use evidence to back up your answers. The best way to practice these skills is through ACT Reading test prep with high quality questions and simply through reading extensively in and out of school. While this approach is more difficult to measure, frequent reading will make you a sharper and better reader over time. For more strategies for conquering the ACT Reading section, you can read alltheimportant tips from this perfect 36 scorer. Again, knowing exactly what's on the test is the first step in your preparation, so you're already making progressin your quest to conquer the ACT Reading. What's Next? The best way to prep for the ACT is with official ACT practice questions. Check out these 5 official printable ACT Tests, along with 6 strategies to get the most out of your studying. Are you aiming for perfection on the ACT, one section at a time? This full scorer explains how he got a 36 on the ACT and how his strategies can work for you, too. What ACT scores are you aiming for? Rather than just seeing what happens, you can take control by determining your target scores and following the test prep plan you need to achieve them. Read all about how to set your target ACT scores here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.